Urban–Rural Differences in Social Assistance Access: A Multinomial Analysis of PKH Withdrawal Locations in Yogyakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59603/projemen.v13i3.1538Keywords:
disbursement location, Family Hope Program, multinomial logistic regression, regional status, SusenasAbstract
The Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH) is a conditional cash transfer program aimed at reducing poverty in Indonesia. The effectiveness of PKH disbursement depends not only on the amount and targeting accuracy of assistance but also on the accessibility of disbursement locations for beneficiary households, particularly in rural areas. This study analyzes how regional status (urban or rural) affects PKH disbursement location choice in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The data are drawn from the 2020 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) of Yogyakarta Province, with 697 PKH-recipient households as the unit of analysis. We used multinomial logistic regression, with ATM as the reference (base) outcome, compared with Post Office, Bank Office, Bank Agent, and other locations. The results show that regional status significantly affects the choice of disbursement location for the Bank Office, Bank Agent, and Other categories (p<0.05), but not for the Post Office (p>0.05). Rural households tend to prefer Bank Offices and Bank Agents over ATMs, while urban households predominantly use ATMs. These findings suggest the need to strengthen non-ATM banking infrastructure, such as Bank Agents/Laku Pandai, in rural areas to make PKH disbursement more inclusive and efficient.
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